lean-talk-sp24/Lean Talk SP24/basics.lean

import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Basic
import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Parity
import Mathlib.Tactic

open Nat

-- Obligatory Hello World
#eval "Hello world!"

-- These are pieces of data.
#check 2 + 2

def f (x : ℕ) :=
  x + 3

#eval f 5

#check f

-- These are propositions, of type `Prop`.
#check 2 + 2 = 4

def FermatLastTheorem :=
  ∀ x y z n : ℕ, n > 2 ∧ x * y * z ≠ 0 → x ^ n + y ^ n ≠ z ^ n

#check FermatLastTheorem

-- These are proofs of propositions.
theorem easy : 2 + 2 = 4 :=
  rfl

#check easy

theorem hard : FermatLastTheorem :=
  sorry

#check hard

-- Here are some proofs.
example : ∀ m n : Nat, Even n → Even (m * n) := fun m n ⟨k, (hk : n = k + k)⟩ =>
  have hmn : m * n = m * k + m * k := by rw [hk, mul_add]
  show ∃ l, m * n = l + l from ⟨_, hmn⟩

example : ∀ m n : Nat, Even n → Even (m * n) :=
fun m n ⟨k, hk⟩ => ⟨m * k, by rw [hk, mul_add]⟩

example : ∀ m n : Nat, Even n → Even (m * n) := by
  -- say m and n are natural numbers, and assume n=2*k
  rintro m n ⟨k, hk⟩
  -- We need to prove m*n is twice a natural number. Let's show it's twice m*k.
  use m * k
  -- substitute in for n
  rw [hk]
  -- and now it's obvious
  ring

example : ∀ m n : Nat, Even n → Even (m * n) := by
  rintro m n ⟨k, hk⟩; use m * k; rw [hk]; ring

example : ∀ m n : Nat, Even n → Even (m * n) := by
  intros; simp [*, parity_simps]